形容词和副词有什么区别？

形容词（adjective）修饰名词（a significant increase）。副词（adverb）修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词（increased significantly）。在 TOEIC® 中，关键是要判断句子里被修饰的是什么。

所有以 -ly 结尾的单词都是副词吗？

不是。有些以 -ly 结尾的单词其实是形容词：friendly、costly、likely、lonely、lovely、timely。这是 TOEIC® 的经典陷阱。一定要看清这个词在句子里担任的功能。

hard 和 hardly 有什么区别？

Hard（副词）表示「努力地、用力地」：She works hard. Hardly 表示「几乎不、勉强」：She hardly works. 两者的意思完全相反。

频率副词放在句子的什么位置？

频率副词（always、usually、often、sometimes、rarely、never）放在主要动词之前，但放在be 动词之后：She always arrives on time. She is always on time.

什么是句子副词（sentence adverb）？

句子副词修饰的是整个句子，而不只是一个单词。例如：Unfortunately, the shipment was delayed. Apparently, the meeting has been rescheduled. 它们放在句首，后面跟一个逗号。

TOEIC® 副词：判断规则、易混词对与句子副词

英语副词：TOEIC® 的关键考点

形容词与副词的辨析大约占 TOEIC® Part 5 题目的 10%。只要你掌握几条简单规则，这就是一个很容易拿分的语法点：弄清被修饰的是什么、认出后缀、记住那些例外。

快速判断：用形容词还是副词？（3 步）

当你在 Part 5 中拿不准该用形容词还是副词时，按这 3 步来判断：

找出被修饰的词：它是名词吗？那就用形容词。它是动词、形容词或另一个副词吗？那就用副词。
注意系动词（linking verbs）：在 be、seem、appear、remain、become 之后要用形容词，而不是副词。The report seems accurate（不能用 *accurately）。
看清位置：在主语和动词之间，或在动作动词之后？那是副词。在名词之前？那是形容词。

情况	选择	例句
修饰名词	形容词	a significant* increase in revenue*
修饰动词	副词	Revenue increased significantly.
修饰形容词	副词	The results were extremely* positive.*
在系动词之后	形容词	The proposal seems reasonable.

副词的种类

方式副词（怎样做？）

方式副词描述一个动作是怎样进行的。它们通常放在动词之后，或放在直接宾语之后：

副词	TOEIC® 例句
carefully	Please review the contract carefully.
efficiently	The team completed the project efficiently.
promptly	All inquiries will be handled promptly.
thoroughly	The auditor examined the records thoroughly.

频率副词（多久一次？）

它们放在主要动词之前，但放在be 动词之后：

副词	频率	TOEIC® 例句
always	100%	She always* meets her deadlines.*
usually	~80%	The manager usually* approves requests within 24 hours.*
often	~60%	Clients often* request additional information.*
sometimes	~40%	Deliveries are sometimes* delayed during peak season.*
rarely	~10%	Complaints are rarely* received about this product.*
never	0%	The company never* discloses confidential data.*

程度副词（到什么程度？）

它们修饰形容词或另一个副词，并紧放在被修饰词的前面：

副词	TOEIC® 例句
extremely	The deadline is extremely* tight.*
highly	She is highly* qualified for the position.*
considerably	Sales have increased considerably* this quarter.*
slightly	The budget was slightly* over the estimate.*
quite	The présentation was quite* impressive.*

句子副词（sentence adverbs）

它们修饰整个句子，放在句首，后面跟一个逗号。在 TOEIC® 的邮件和报告中非常常见：

副词	作用	TOEIC® 例句
Unfortunately	表示遗憾	Unfortunately, the shipment was delayed.
Apparently	转述的信息	Apparently, the meeting has been rescheduled.
Consequently	表示结果	Consequently, the project was put on hold.
Additionally	补充说明	Additionally, all employees must complète the training.
Reportedly	据消息来源	Reportedly, the company is planning an expansion.

副词的构成规则

大多数副词是在形容词后加 -ly 构成的，但有一些规则需要记住：

规则	形容词	副词
一般规则：+ ly	quick	quickly
-le → -ly	considerable	considerably
-y → -ily	easy	easily
-ic → -ically	automatic	automatically
-ue → -uly	true	truly
-ll → -lly	full	fully
形式不变	fast, hard, early, late	fast, hard, early, late

副词的位置

副词的位置取决于它的种类以及它所修饰的对象：

位置	副词种类	例句
句首	句子副词、连接词	Unfortunately, the order was canceled.
主要动词之前	频率、确定性	She always* submits reports on time.*
be 动词 / 助动词之后	频率、确定性	The office is usually* closed on weekends.*
动词 / 宾语之后	方式	He completed the task efficiently.
形容词 / 副词之前	程度	The results were remarkably* positive.*

8 组易混淆的词（TOEIC® 常见陷阱）

这些词组特别容易让人上当，因为加上 -ly 之后，单词的意思会完全改变：

单词	含义	TOEIC® 例句
hard	努力地、用力地	The team worked hard* to meet the deadline.*
hardly	几乎不、勉强	There was hardly* any time left for questions.*
late	迟、晚	The shipment arrived late.
lately	最近	Sales have declined lately.
near	近（距离上）	The new office is near* the station.*
nearly	几乎、差不多	The project is nearly* complète.*
free	免费地	Employees can park free* in the garage.*
freely	自由地、不受限制地	Information should flow freely* between departments.*
high	高（实际高度）	The drone flew high* above the warehouse.*
highly	非常、高度地（程度）	She is highly* recommended for the position.*
deep	深（实际深度）	The pipes run deep* underground.*
deeply	深深地（引申义）	We are deeply* concerned about the results.*
wide	大大地敞开（实际）	The door was wide* open.*
widely	广泛地、被许多人	The software is widely* used in the industry.*
close	近（距离上）	Stay close* to the group during the tour.*
closely	仔细地、密切地	The committee closely* monitored the budget.*

看似副词、实为形容词的 -ly 词（TOEIC® 陷阱）

注意：并非所有以 -ly 结尾的词都是副词。下面这些都是形容词，用来修饰名词：

-ly 形容词	TOEIC® 例句
friendly	The receptionist was very friendly.
costly	The renovation proved to be quite costly.
likely	A merger is likely* to be announced.*
timely	We appreciate your timely* response.*
lovely	The venue has a lovely* garden.*
lonely	Working remotely can feel lonely.
orderly	Please keep the workspace orderly.
quarterly	The quarterly* report is due next week.*

常见问题

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形容词与副词的辨析约占 Part 5 题目的 10%。用 990prep 训练，看穿陷阱，轻松拿分。

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