语法课程 10 min de lecture

TOEIC® 情态动词:完成式情态、商务邮件用法与常见陷阱

掌握 TOEIC® Part 5 的全部 9 个情态动词:可能性强弱、完成式情态(should have、could have)、商务邮件句型、半情态动词,以及 5 大常见陷阱。

Par Justin DE SIO Mis à jour: 10 janvier 2026
GrammarModal VerbsTOEICPerfect ModalsBusiness English

情态动词:TOEIC® Part 5 的关键

情态动词(can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must)是改变主要动词含义的助动词。它们用来表达能力、许可、义务、建议或可能性。在 TOEIC® 中,它们约占 Part 5 题目的 15-20%,并且经常出现在 Part 6 的电子邮件中。

情态动词的语法规则很严格:第三人称不加 -s,后接不带 to 的动词原形,没有不定式或分词形式。掌握这些规则,是你在 TOEIC 备考中快速提分的捷径。

彩色拼图碎片插画,代表情态动词的不同功能

快速参考表

按主要功能整理的 9 个纯情态动词:

情态动词 主要功能 TOEIC® 例句
can能力 / 非正式许可She can process 50 orders per hour.
could过去的能力 / 礼貌Could you forward the attachment?
may正式许可 / 可能性Employees may request a transfer.
might较弱的可能性The shipment might be delayed.
will将来 / 意愿The board will announce the results.
would条件 / 礼貌Would you like to reschedule?
shall合同义务The tenant shall maintain the property.
should建议 / 推荐You should review the contract first.
must义务 / 确定All visitors must sign in at reception.

可能性与推断

从最确定到最不确定的把握程度:

情态动词 程度 例句
must约 95%(几乎确定)She must be in the office by now.
will约 90%(预测)The package will arrive tomorrow.
should约 75%(合理预期)The report should be ready by noon.
may约 50%(较可能的可能性)The shipment may arrive tomorrow.
might / could约 30%(较弱的可能性)The delay could cause problems.
can't约 0%(逻辑上不可能)That can't be the right answer.

完成式情态动词(modal + have + 过去分词)

完成式情态动词是谈论过去动作的关键。它们在 TOEIC® 的 Part 5 和 Part 6 中经常出现,并且常常与被动语态结合使用:

完成式情态动词 含义 例句
should have + PP本该做(后悔)You should have submitted the form earlier.
could have + PP本可以做(未实现)We could have finished the project on time.
must have + PP一定做了(对过去的推断)She must have left the office already.
may/might have + PP也许做了(过去的可能性)The package may have been delivered.
would have + PP本来会(过去的条件)I would have called, but I lost your number.

商务邮件中的情态动词

TOEIC® 的 Part 6 和 Part 7 包含大量商务邮件。以下是最常见的情态动词表达:

意图 表达
礼貌请求Could you please send me the updated report?
提议Would you like to schedule a follow-up meeting?
义务All participants must confirm their attendance by Friday.
推荐You should review the attached document before the meeting.
可能性The delivery may be delayed due to weather conditions.
承诺We will process your order within 24 hours.

半情态动词

半情态动词 对应的情态动词 例句
have tomust(义务)She had to reschedule the meeting.
be able tocan(能力)He will be able to attend.
be going towill(将来)We are going to launch next month.
need tomust(必要)You need to sign the form.
used to(过去的习惯)I used to work in marketing.

TOEIC® 最常见的 5 个陷阱

  1. Must vs have to:must 用于个人义务,have to 用于外部义务。在过去时中,只有 had to 是正确的
  2. Can vs may:can 用于能力或非正式许可,may 用于正式许可或可能性
  3. Should vs must:should 是建议,must 是义务
  4. Would vs will:would 用于 条件句 和礼貌表达,will 用于确定的将来
  5. 不能叠加两个情态动词:绝不能说 *will can。要用 will be able to 代替

想要练习这些陷阱,可以试试我们的免费 TOEIC 练习,或者做一套免费 TOEIC 模拟测试来评估你的水平。

常见问题

用 990prep 掌握情态动词

情态动词约占 Part 5 题目的 15-20%。用 990prep 在真实的商务邮件和职场情境中练习,彻底掌握它们。

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