语法课程 8
min de lecture
英语条件句（If 从句）：TOEIC® 完整指南
掌握英语条件句（zero、first、second、third）：构成规则、例句，以及要避开的常见 TOEIC® 陷阱。
Par Justin DE SIO •
GrammarConditionalsIf ClausesTOEICEnglish
英语条件句是什么？
条件句（conditional sentences）用来表达取决于某个条件的情况。它们通常用 if 引出条件，后面再跟一个结果。条件句的类型取决于该情况的 可能性大小。
条件句的 4 种类型
Zero Conditional：普遍真理
用于表达永远成立的事实、科学定律和习惯。 If + present simple, present simple.
| If 从句 | 结果 |
|---|---|
| If you heat water to 100°C, | it boils. |
| If employees work overtime, | they receive extra pay. |
| If the printer runs out of ink, | the light turns red. |
First Conditional：可能发生的情况
用于表达未来真实且很可能发生的情况。 If + present simple, will + infinitive.
| If 从句 | 结果 |
|---|---|
| If we finish early, | we will go to the restaurant. |
| If the client agrees, | we will sign the contract. |
| If it rains tomorrow, | we will cancel the event. |
Second Conditional：假设的情况
用于表达现在或未来不真实或不太可能发生的情况。 If + past simple, would + infinitive.
| If 从句 | 结果 |
|---|---|
| If I had more time, | I would learn Japanese. |
| If she were the manager, | she would change the policy. |
| If we had a bigger budget, | we would hire more staff. |
注意：在正式英语中，所有主语都用 were（而不是 was）：If I were you...，If she were here...
Third Conditional：与过去事实相反
用于表达过去并没有发生的情况。 If + past perfect, would have + past participle.
| If 从句 | 结果 |
|---|---|
| If I had known earlier, | I would have told you. |
| If they had prepared better, | they would have won the contract. |
| If we had left earlier, | we would have caught the train. |
归纳表
| 类型 | If 从句 | 结果 |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | present simple | present simple |
| First | present simple | will + infinitive |
| Second | past simple | would + infinitive |
| Third | past perfect | would have + past participle |
"if" 的替代表达
| 表达 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| unless | if... not（如果不……） | Unless you register now, you will miss the deadline. |
| as long as | 只要 / 以……为条件 | You can leave as long as you finish your work. |
| provided (that) | 以……为条件 | We will proceed provided that the budget is approved. |
| in case | 以防万一 | Bring an umbrella in case it rains. |
TOEIC® 常见陷阱
条件句是 TOEIC Part 5 中最常考的语法点之一。下面是你一定要避免的几个关键错误。
- if 从句里用 would：千万不要说 *If I would have time。要用 If I had time, I would...
- 时态搭配：不要混用不同类型。If I have time（1st）不能和 would（2nd）搭配
- Unless + not：unless 本身已经是否定，不要说 *unless you don't
- Were 与 was：在正式英语和 TOEIC® 中，second conditional 的所有主语都用 were：If I were...
- Would have + past participle：在 third conditional 中，别忘了 have。I would have gone（而不是 *I would gone）
备考建议
- 记住每种类型的结构：归纳表是你最好的工具
- 判断语境：这是普遍真理、可能发生的情况、假设，还是过去的情况？
- 当心 unless：它是 Part 5 中常见的陷阱
- 练习 Part 5 和 Part 6：条件句在这两部分经常出现。来做做我们的 免费 TOEIC 练习题，磨练你的技巧
想要系统地备考，请查看我们涵盖所有核心语法点的 TOEIC 备考指南。
常见问题
主要有 4 种类型：zero conditional（表示普遍真理）、first conditional（表示可能发生的情况）、second conditional（表示假设的情况）以及 third conditional（表示与过去事实相反的情况）。此外还有把不同类型组合在一起的 mixed conditionals（混合条件句）。
不可以，这是一个非常常见的错误。你在 if 从句里绝对不能用 would。应该说 If I had time, I would help（而不是 *If I would have time）。
Unless 的意思是「if... not（如果不……）」。Unless you hurry 等于 If you don't hurry。注意：unless 本身已经含有否定的意思，所以不要再加 not。
是的，它们经常出现在 Part 5（选择正确的时态）和 Part 6（完成短文）中。最典型的陷阱就是在 if 从句里误用 would。
mixed conditional（混合条件句）把两种类型的条件句结合在一起。例如：If I had studied harder（third，与过去事实相反）+ I would have a better job now（second，与现在事实相反）。它把过去的原因和现在的结果联系起来。
用 990prep 掌握条件句
条件句是 TOEIC® 必考的语法点。用 990prep 的练习题反复训练，从此不再混淆各种条件句类型。
真实模拟练习 详细的解析说明 进度追踪
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