词汇积累 12
min de lecture
TOEIC® 商务词汇：7 大主题、短语动词与高频搭配
掌握 7 大商务主题的 TOEIC® 词汇：释义、例句、必备短语动词与高频搭配。
TOEICVocabularyBusiness EnglishPhrasal VerbsCollocations
词汇：贯穿 TOEIC® 全部 7 个部分的关键
商务词汇是 TOEIC® 每一个部分的根基。无论是听力部分（第 1 到第 4 部分）还是阅读部分（第 5 到第 7 部分），每一道题都取决于你识别和理解商业世界术语的能力。扎实的词汇量能让你抓住对话的含义、补全填空句子，并读懂电子邮件、报告和通知等职场文档。
本指南把 TOEIC® 中出现频率最高的 300 多个单词归纳为 7 个主题类别，随后再讲解必备的 phrasal verbs（短语动词）和高频搭配。掌握这份清单就足以让你从大约 600 分提升到 800 分以上，因为同样的商务单词会在考试的每个部分反复出现。
冲 800+ 需要多少词汇量
并没有一个万能的数字，但你的词汇量与 TOEIC® 分数密切相关。最高频的 600 个单词就已经覆盖了你在考试中会遇到的约 80% 的情境，而要进入高分段，主要就是把这一核心词汇拓宽并加深。下面这张表可作为各分段所需主动词汇量的大致参考。
| 目标分数 | 大致主动词汇量 |
|---|---|
| 600 (B1) | 约 750 个单词 |
| 785（B2 门槛） | 约 1,000 个单词 |
| 800+ | 约 1,200 个单词 |
| 945+ (C1) | 约 1,500 个单词 |
这些数字只是大致估算，因为在语境中认出一个词比自己说出它要容易。800 分以上对应一个扎实的 B2，所以不妨了解一下 800 分在 CEFR 上意味着什么，以及到底 要多少分才能达到 B2 水平。
按主题划分的 TOEIC® 词汇
下面的词汇按考试最常取材的七大商务主题分组。每个词条都给出简短释义和一个真实的例句，让你以单词在考试中真正出现的方式去学习。建议一次专注一个主题，而不要按字母顺序来背：把单词按主题归类，记起来要容易得多。
财务与会计
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| revenue | 经营业务所产生的收入 | The company's revenue increased by 15% this quarter. |
| expenditure | 用于商品或服务的支出 | We need to reduce our annual expenditure. |
| invoice | 为商品或服务开具的账单（发票） | Please send the invoice by the end of the month. |
| budget | 某一时期的财务计划 | The marketing budget has been approved. |
| audit | 对账目的正式审查 | The annual audit will begin next Monday. |
| profit margin | 扣除成本后剩余收入的百分比（利润率） | Our profit margin improved thanks to cost reductions. |
| reimbursement | 对已花费款项的偿还（报销） | Submit your receipts to request a reimbursement. |
| fiscal | 与政府或公司财务有关的（财政的） | The new fiscal year begins in April. |
| overdue | 未在到期日前付款或完成的（逾期的） | The invoice is now two weeks overdue. |
| statement | 财务交易的记录（对账单） | Your bank statement is available online. |
| transaction | 一次买卖（交易） | Every transaction is recorded for the audit. |
| asset | 公司拥有的有价值之物（资产） | The building is the company's largest asset. |
| liability | 债务或财务义务（负债） | The report lists all assets and liabilities. |
| quarterly | 每三个月一次的（季度的） | We review the figures at the quarterly meeting. |
| deduction | 从总额中扣除的金额（扣除） | Tax deductions are applied before the final salary. |
人力资源
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| recruit | 寻找并招聘新员工 | We plan to recruit five new engineers this year. |
| resign | 主动辞去职位 | She decided to resign after ten years with the company. |
| promotion | 晋升到更高的职位 | He received a promotion to senior manager. |
| benefits | 薪资以外的福利（保险、假期） | The benefits package includes health insurance and paid leave. |
| performance review | 对员工工作的正式评估 | Performance reviews are conducted every six months. |
| applicant | 求职申请人 | All applicants must submit a resume and cover letter. |
| appraisal | 对绩效的正式评估 | Your annual appraisal is scheduled for next month. |
| severance | 雇佣关系结束时支付的钱（遣散费） | The package includes three months of severance pay. |
| onboarding | 让新员工融入公司的过程（入职培训） | Onboarding for new staff takes one full week. |
| headcount | 员工总数 | The department plans to increase its headcount. |
| retention | 防止员工流失（留任） | Better benefits improved staff retention this year. |
| candidate | 正在考虑录用的人（候选人） | We interviewed four candidates for the position. |
| supervisor | 管理他人工作的人（主管） | Report any issues to your direct supervisor. |
| workforce | 公司全体员工（劳动力） | Half of the workforce now works remotely. |
| vacancy | 尚未填补的职位（空缺） | There is a vacancy in the accounting team. |
市场营销与销售
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| campaign | 协调一致的营销行动（活动） | The advertising campaign will launch in September. |
| survey | 用于收集意见的问卷调查 | We conducted a customer satisfaction survey. |
| launch | 新产品的推出（上市） | The product launch exceeded all expectations. |
| target audience | 目标消费群体 | Our target audience is young professionals aged 25-35. |
| brand awareness | 消费者对品牌的认知度 | Social media has greatly increased our brand awareness. |
| market share | 某公司在总销量中所占的份额（市场份额） | The company gained market share in the Asian region. |
| outreach | 主动接触并吸引客户的行动 | Our outreach to new clients doubled this quarter. |
| endorsement | 对某产品或品牌的公开支持（代言） | The celebrity endorsement boosted online sales. |
| projection | 对未来数字的估算（预测） | Sales projections for next year look promising. |
| quota | 固定的销售目标（配额） | Each representative met their monthly quota. |
| retail | 向公众出售商品（零售） | The product is now available at retail stores. |
| discount | 在正常价格上的减让（折扣） | Members receive a 10% discount on all orders. |
| promotion | 为提升销量推出的特别优惠（促销） | The summer promotion runs until the end of August. |
| revenue stream | 企业的一项收入来源 | Subscriptions became our main revenue stream. |
| competitor | 同一市场上的竞争对手 | Our main competitor lowered its prices last week. |
差旅与物流
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| itinerary | 规划好的路线或行程 | Please review the travel itinerary before departure. |
| reservation | 住宿或出行的预订 | I made a reservation at the hotel near the conference center. |
| departure | 离开或出发的行为 | The departure time has been changed to 3 p.m. |
| customs | 管控进口货物的机构（海关） | All goods must be declared at customs. |
| freight | 由轮船或卡车大批量运输的货物 | Freight costs have risen due to higher fuel prices. |
| shipment | 一同发出的一批货物 | The shipment is expected to arrive by Friday. |
| layover | 两趟航班之间的短暂停留（中转） | We have a two-hour layover in Frankfurt. |
| expense report | 待报销的业务开支记录（费用报告） | Please file your expense report after the trip. |
| accommodation | 出行期间的住宿 | The company covers accommodation during conferences. |
| voucher | 可兑换商品或服务的凭证（代金券） | Use this voucher for a free airport shuttle. |
| warehouse | 存放货物的建筑（仓库） | The order was dispatched from the central warehouse. |
| carrier | 运输货物的公司（承运商） | We switched to a faster carrier for deliveries. |
| delay | 某事推迟的一段时间（延误） | Bad weather caused a delay in the flight. |
| boarding pass | 允许你登机的凭证（登机牌） | Please have your boarding pass ready at the gate. |
| destination | 前往的地点（目的地） | Our final destination is the Tokyo branch office. |
生产制造与质量
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| assembly line | 由连续工位组成的生产系统（流水线） | The new assembly line can produce 200 units per hour. |
| defect | 产品中的瑕疵或缺陷 | A defect was found during the final inspection. |
| inspection | 为保证质量而进行的仔细检查 | All products undergo a thorough inspection before shipping. |
| warehouse | 用于存放货物的大型建筑（仓库） | The warehouse is located near the main distribution center. |
| inventory | 可供使用的全部货物存量（库存） | We need to update the inventory before the end of the quarter. |
| quality control | 确保产品达到标准的各项流程（质量控制） | The quality control team rejected the entire batch. |
| assembly | 把零件组装到一起的过程（组装） | Final assembly takes place at the main plant. |
| warranty | 维修或更换产品的承诺（保修） | The appliance comes with a two-year warranty. |
| output | 一定时间内的产出量 | The new machine doubled our daily output. |
| component | 用于制造产品的部件（组件） | A faulty component caused the delay. |
| recall | 召回有缺陷产品的指令（召回） | The manufacturer issued a recall on the model. |
| supplier | 提供原材料的公司（供应商） | We signed a contract with a new supplier. |
| maintenance | 让设备保持良好状态的工作（维护） | Routine maintenance is scheduled for Sunday. |
| specification | 对要求的详细说明（规格） | The parts must match the engineer's specifications. |
| durable | 能用很久的（耐用的） | These containers are durable and reusable. |
科技与 IT
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| software update | 程序的更新版本 | A software update will be installed overnight. |
| database | 有组织的数据集合（数据库） | The customer database contains over 50,000 records. |
| network | 相互连接的计算机系统（网络） | The network will be down for maintenance this weekend. |
| backup | 为安全保存而做的数据副本（备份） | Please create a backup before making any changes. |
| troubleshoot | 查找并解决问题（排查故障） | The IT team was called to troubleshoot the printer issue. |
| cybersecurity | 保护数字系统免受威胁（网络安全） | All employees must complete the cybersecurity training. |
| upgrade | 升级到更新或更好的版本 | We need to upgrade the servers next quarter. |
| outage | 某项服务停止运行的一段时间（中断） | A power outage took the website offline. |
| deployment | 把软件发布投入使用（部署） | The deployment of the new app is set for Monday. |
| server | 向其他设备提供数据的计算机（服务器） | The files are stored on a secure server. |
| interface | 用户与系统交互的接口（界面） | The new interface is much easier to use. |
| encryption | 对数据编码使仅授权用户可读（加密） | All payments are protected by encryption. |
| bandwidth | 网络连接的容量（带宽） | Video calls use a lot of bandwidth. |
| install | 安装软件或设备以供使用 | IT will install the program on every laptop. |
办公室与职场
| 词条 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| supplies | 日常工作所需的物资（用品） | We need to order more office supplies. |
| memo | 简短的内部书面消息（备忘录） | A memo was sent to all staff regarding the new policy. |
| conference room | 专门用于开会的房间（会议室） | The conference room is booked until 3 p.m. |
| deadline | 某事必须完成的最后时间（截止日期） | The deadline for submissions is next Friday. |
| workload | 分配到的工作量 | The team's workload has increased significantly this month. |
| colleague | 与你共事的人（同事） | Please consult your colleague before finalizing the report. |
| agenda | 会议上待讨论事项的清单（议程） | The first item on the agenda is the budget. |
| premises | 企业所占用的房屋和场地（经营场所） | Visitors must sign in when entering the premises. |
| refurbish | 翻新并使空间现代化 | The lobby will be refurbished over the holidays. |
| attendance | 到场的行为（出席） | Attendance at the training session is mandatory. |
| minutes | 会议的书面记录（会议纪要） | Could you take the minutes during the meeting? |
| overtime | 超出正常工时的工作（加班） | Staff are paid extra for overtime. |
| schedule | 任务或活动的时间安排（日程） | The project is currently ahead of schedule. |
| policy | 官方的规定或行事方针（政策） | The new policy takes effect next week. |
TOEIC® 必备的 phrasal verbs（短语动词）
phrasal verbs 是“动词 + 小品词”的组合，其含义往往与单个动词不同。它们在 TOEIC® 的邮件和对话中无处不在。下面精选的清单收录了商务场景中最常见的短语动词；关于可分与不可分形式的规则以及完整方法，请参阅我们的 TOEIC® 短语动词完整指南。
| Phrasal verb | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| look into | 调查 | We will look into the matter immediately. |
| carry out | 执行或实施 | The team carried out the plan without any issues. |
| put off | 推迟 | The meeting was put off until next week. |
| turn down | 拒绝或回绝 | The board turned down the merger proposal. |
| set up | 建立或安排 | They set up a new branch office in Tokyo. |
| take over | 接管控制权 | Ms. Park will take over as department head in April. |
| follow up | 跟进进展 | I will follow up with the client after the presentation. |
| figure out | 弄清楚或想明白 | We need to figure out why sales dropped last quarter. |
| fill in | 填写表格，或顶替某人 | Please fill in the attached application form. |
| hand in | 把某物交给某人（上交） | All reports must be handed in by Friday. |
| call off | 取消已计划的活动 | The conference was called off at short notice. |
| run out of | 某物用完了 | The warehouse ran out of packaging materials. |
高频搭配（collocations）
collocations 是英语母语者凭语感自然使用的固定词组。TOEIC® 常在第 5 部分考查这些搭配，要求你选出正确的动词：
| Collocation | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| make a decision | 就某一行动方案做出决定 | The committee will make a decision by Friday. |
| reach an agreement | 达成共识 | Both parties reached an agreement after lengthy negotiations. |
| meet a deadline | 在规定日期前完成 | The team worked overtime to meet the deadline. |
| submit a report | 正式提交一份书面文件 | All managers must submit a report by the end of the month. |
| attend a meeting | 出席会议 | She was unable to attend the meeting due to a conflict. |
| place an order | 下单订购商品或服务 | We placed an order for 500 units last week. |
| conduct a survey | 开展一项系统性调查 | The marketing department conducted a survey of 1,000 customers. |
| raise concerns | 表达担忧或提出异议 | Several employees raised concerns about the new schedule. |
| hold a meeting | 组织并主持一场会议 | We hold a team meeting every Monday morning. |
| take measures | 采取措施应对问题 | The firm took measures to cut its costs. |
| launch a product | 把新产品推向市场 | They plan to launch a product in early spring. |
| sign a contract | 正式同意一份法律文件（签订合同） | Both companies signed a contract last week. |
如何记牢 TOEIC® 词汇
一份长长的单词表，只有真正记住了才能提分。下面四个习惯能把上面的表格变成长久的记忆：
- 用间隔重复。用记忆卡片在不断拉长的间隔里复习单词，让它们进入长期记忆，而不是一天后就忘掉。
- 在语境中学每个词。多读商务邮件、多听职场对话，再观察一个词在完整句子里如何运作。 一套完整的模拟测试就是最真实的语境。
- 按主题分组学，而不是按字母顺序。上面的主题表格还原了考试归类词汇的方式，让相关单词彼此强化。
- 经常自测。主动回忆胜过被动重读，所以不妨试试我们的 免费 TOEIC 练习题和下面的小测验。
快速自测：10 个 TOEIC® 单词
用上面清单里的十个词来自测。读出每条释义，回想单词，然后展开答案核对。
1. 员工离职时支付的钱。
severance
2. 公司的员工总数。
headcount
3. 未在到期日前付款或完成的。
overdue
4. 两趟航班之间的短暂停留。
layover
5. 维修或更换产品的承诺。
warranty
6. 某项服务停止运行的一段时间。
outage
7. 会议上待讨论事项的清单。
agenda
8. 取消已计划的活动（短语动词）。
call off
9. 表示按期完成的搭配。
meet a deadline
10. 表示做出决定的搭配。
make a decision
常见问题
如果你的目标是 800 分以上，建议掌握大约 1,000 到 1,500 个商务词汇。其中最高频的 600 个单词，就已经覆盖了你在 TOEIC® 中会遇到的约 80% 的情境。
最有效的方法是把 间隔重复（记忆卡片）和语境中学习结合起来。多读商务邮件、多听职场对话，并把每个单词放进完整的句子里使用，而不是死记孤立的单词表。
最高频的类别是人力资源（招聘、绩效评估）、财务（预算、发票）以及办公室/职场（会议、用品）。这三大领域大约占了考试词汇的 50%。
重要。短语动词在第 5、6、7 部分中非常常见。像 carry out、look into、follow up 这样的表达，会经常出现在考试的商务邮件和对话里。
搭配指的是经常一起出现的自然词组，比如 make a decision 或 meet a deadline。TOEIC® 常常在第 5 部分考查这些搭配，要求你选出与某个名词相配的正确动词或形容词。
用 990prep 扩充你的词汇量
商务词汇出现在 TOEIC® 的每一道题里。在 990prep 上练习，在邮件、对话和职场文档等真实情境中掌握核心词汇。
真实模拟练习 详细的解析说明 进度追踪
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